Deaf Technology :: essays research papers

-TTYTTYs (also called Telecommunication Devices for the Deaf (TDD) and text reverberates) are used for two-way text conversation all over a telephone line. They are the primary tool used by deaf people (and some hard of hearing people) for telephone conversation. Other optical telecommunications technologies and services, such as Internet chat and messaging, email, e-paging, and fax and e-mail are also used in telecommunications by people who are deaf or hard of hearing. -TRSTelecommunications relay services (TRS) provide voice telephone users and people who are deaf, hard of hearing, or destination-disabled to communicate over a regular telephone line. TRS is mandated by the Ameri toilets with Disabilities Act and is regulated by the Federal Communications Commission.There have been many unused improvements in TRS in the last several years. These improvements breach users choices that make TRS calls more natural and functionally equivalent to voice telephone communications.-Vi deo relay serviceUsing a high-speed Internet connection or ISDN, a video connection is established a qualified sign language interpreter relays the conversation with the voice telephone party.-CapTelCaptioned Telephone is a new product of Ultratec, being tested in several states. CapTel is an innovative service in which the operators repeat the words of the hearing party into an automatic speech identification system for rapid transcription. Voice and data are carried on one line so that the hard of hearing or deaf user can monitor the speech as well as see the transcription. The CapTel phone is set up for dial through so that the user does not exact to dial the relay service first.-ASR Automatic speech recognition is the most successful and accurate of these applications. It is currently making a use of a technique called shadowing or sometimes called voicewriting. Rather than have the speakers speech directly transcribed by the system, a hearing person whose speech is well-trai ned to an ASR system repeats the words being spoken. This technique can greatly improve the accuracy of the system compared to direct ASR transcription of speech while that speaker is meshed in conversation or lecturing to a group of people.